什么时候犯罪受害者会破坏普遍的信任? 一个加权的小组分析犯罪类型,频率和种类的影响
Florian Kaiser1, Dietrich Oberwittler1, Isabel Thielmann1
1Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law, Freiburg, Germany.
Social science research
|November 14, 2024
概括
犯罪受害者可能会略微侵蚀普遍的信任,但其影响在犯罪类型和时间之间是微弱和不一致的. 研究表明,由于方法上的局限性,在解释严重或多重受害者的研究结果时要谨慎.
科学领域:
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 学者们的共识表明,犯罪受害可以显著降低普遍的信任.
- 现有的纵向研究仅显示了轻微的平均效应,这就质疑了这种关系的强度.
- 对于特定的犯罪类型和多重受害的经验,存在更强效应的潜力.
研究的目的:
- 调查犯罪受害对普遍信任的影响.
- 检查特定的犯罪类型或多次受害经历是否会放大信任侵蚀.
- 评估受害者对信任的影响的时间稳定性.
主要方法:
- 雇员 能源权重与滞后依赖变量模型相结合.
- 利用来自两个德国城市 (2014/2015和2020/2021) 的两波面板调查的数据.
- 分析了两个队列 (N=3401和N=2932) 的数据,以评估受害效应.
主要成果:
- 发现了微弱的证据表明,严重的犯罪类型或多重受害者显著增加了信任侵蚀.
- 在2014/2015年群体中观察到暴力犯罪和一些多重受害者实例的强烈影响,但在2020/2021年群体中没有.
- 权重程序表明,有关强烈受害者状况的调查结果的内部有效性可能受到限制.
结论:
- 犯罪受害者对普遍信任的影响是微妙的,甚至在严重或多起事件中也不总是明显.
- 时间变化和方法考虑,特别是在权重程序方面,需要谨慎地解释研究结果.
- 需要使用强大的方法进行进一步的研究,才能充分理解受害和信任之间的复杂关系.
相关概念视频
01:14Fundamental Attribution Error
12.8K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
12.8K
02:04Bullying
8.4K
A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...
8.4K
01:29Bias in Epidemiological Studies
158
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
158
00:57Deindividuation
26.3K
Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
26.3K
01:50Cross-Sectional Research
11.2K
In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
11.2K
02:09Bystander Effect
9.5K
The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
9.5K