相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 7, 2025
04:16
Whole Body Vibration Methods with Survivors of Polio
Published on: October 17, 2018
8.7K
脊髓灰质炎:关于如何使国际旅行对脊髓灰质炎安全的背景和观点
Dhanya Dharmapalan1, Thekkekara Jacob John2, Robert Steinglass3
1Apollo Hospitals, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400614, India.
Therapeutic advances in infectious disease
|November 15, 2024
概括
国际脊髓灰质炎的传播仍然是一个全球性的健康问题. 旅行者可以传播野生或疫苗衍生的脊髓灰质炎病毒,强调需要适当的脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种,特别是可变口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗疗效.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 脊髓灰质炎病毒的国际传播仍然是国际关注的公共卫生紧急情况,野生脊髓灰质炎病毒 (WPV) 流行的情况和全球众多疫苗衍生的脊髓灰质炎病毒 (VDPV) 爆发.
- 旅行者可以作为脊髓灰质炎病毒传播的载体,将WPV或VDPV进口到无脊髓灰质炎地区,这强调了国际旅行和大规模聚会的疫苗接种建议的重要性.
研究的目的:
- 突出国际脊髓灰质炎病毒传播的持续威胁,以及旅行者在传播中的作用.
- 讨论脊髓灰质炎免疫,无症状传播以及不同脊髓灰质炎疫苗的不同疗效的细微差别.
主要方法:
- 全球脊髓灰质炎流行病学的审查,包括特有国家和VDPV爆发监测数据.
- 分析脊髓灰质炎病毒传播动态,包括传播途径和无症状感染在免疫和非免疫个体中的作用.
- 对口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (OPV) 和非活化脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗 (IPV) 在不同地理和经济环境中的疫苗疗效 (VE) 数据的评估.
主要成果:
- 两个国家仍然为WPV流行,而许多国家在2023年和2024年经历了VDPV爆发.
- 免疫力可以防止,但不能防止再感染;无症状的个体,无论是否免疫,都可以传播脊髓灰质炎病毒.
- 口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (OPV) 的有效性高度变化,在热带低收入国家很低,而非活化脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗 (IPV) 在全球范围内表现出卓越和一致的有效性.
结论:
- 旅行者是进口脊髓灰质炎病毒的潜在载体,必须确保适当的免疫接种.
- 脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种战略的有效性必须考虑影响疫苗有效性的地理和社会经济因素.
- 无活化脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗 (IPV) 在全球范围内提供可靠的保护,无论气候或收入水平如何,使其成为打击国际脊髓灰质炎病毒传播的关键工具.
相关概念视频
01:17Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets
3.5K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
3.5K
01:51Vaccinations
44.1K
Overview
44.1K
01:26Standard Precaution
1.9K
Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
1.9K
01:25Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
1.2K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
1.2K
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
1.9K
Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
1.9K
01:18Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents
109
Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
109