两岁的孩子选择性地寻求帮助,但不是基于帮助者的成熟度
Alexandra Raport1, Canan Ipek1, Joanna Park1
1University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA.
The British journal of developmental psychology
|November 15, 2024
概括
两岁的孩子在不熟悉的问题上寻求帮助,并向知识博的人寻求帮助. 孩子 孩子 孩子 孩子
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 社会学习理论社会学习理论
- 儿童认知发展 儿童认知发展
背景情况:
- 寻求帮助是儿童社会学习和解决问题的关键策略.
- 了解幼儿何时以及从谁那里寻求帮助是发展研究的关键.
- 以前的研究还没有充分探索影响幼儿寻求帮助的因素.
研究的目的:
- 调查2岁儿童在解决问题的情况下寻求帮助的情况.
- 为了确定2岁的孩子最喜欢向谁寻求帮助.
- 检查问题熟悉和辅助知识对儿童寻求帮助行为的影响.
主要方法:
- 研究人员对146名美国儿童进行了三项实验,平均年龄为31.4个月.
- 孩子们遇到了不同程度熟悉的问题解决任务.
- 孩子们选择从不同的知识和年龄 (婴儿,同龄人,成年人) 的描绘助手那里寻求帮助.
主要成果:
- 孩子们在不熟悉的问题时寻求更多帮助,而不是熟悉的问题.
- 儿童选择性地向知识博的人寻求帮助,而不是那些缺乏知识的人.
- 与预测相反,孩子们并没有表现出对成年帮助者的偏好,而不是对婴儿或同龄人的帮助.
结论:
- 两岁的孩子寻求帮助是以获取信息和解决问题的需要为指导.
- 儿童在寻求帮助时表现出对知识归因的理解.
- 研究结果表明,除了年龄之外的因素,例如感知能力,会影响童年早期寻求帮助的选择.
相关概念视频
01:28Adler's Individual Psychology
521
Alfred Adler, a prominent figure in psychology, founded the school of individual psychology. In contrast to Freud's emphasis on sexual or aggressive motives, Adler suggested that individuals are primarily motivated by their purposes and goals. He believed that people strive for perfection rather than pleasure. Adler argued that individuals could creatively act upon their genetic inheritance and environmental experiences to shape their own lives, emphasizing conscious motivation over...
521
01:14Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development
597
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
597
02:34Empathy
9.6K
Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor.
9.6K
01:55Egoism and Altruism
91.4K
Voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people is called prosocial behavior. Why do people help other people? Is personal benefit such as feeling good about oneself the only reason people help one another?
91.4K
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
44
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
44
01:30Socioemotional Development during Infancy
42
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
42