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相关概念视频

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
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小型和长型非编码RNA:过去,现在和未来

Ling-Ling Chen1, V Narry Kim2

  • 1Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.

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概括

调控性非编码RNAs (ncRNAs),包括小RNAs和长非编码RNAs (lncRNAs),对于基因调控至关重要. 这篇评论详细介绍了它们的发现,机制,功能和疾病中的作用,强调了 lncRNA 未来的研究方向.

关键词:
长非编码RNA微RNAsncRNA生物发生ncRNA的演变ncRNA的功能ncRNA 机制疾病中的ncRNA调控性ncRNAs 的

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学
  • 遗传学
  • 核糖核酸生物学

背景情况:

  • 分子生物学的核心教条随着多种RNA物种的发现而演变.
  • 非编码RNAs (ncRNAs) 在基因调节中发挥关键作用,补充信使RNAs.
  • 调控性ncRNAs,特别是小RNAs和长非编码RNAs (lncRNAs),已经显著地提升了RNA生物学.

研究的目的:

  • 审查目前对小RNA和lncRNA的理解,这两个主要的调节性ncRNA类别.
  • 探索这些ncRNA的发现,生物发生,进化,机制,功能和相互作用.
  • 突出ncRNAs的病理生理作用,并提出 lncRNAs的未来研究途径.

主要方法:

  • 对小RNA和lncRNA的现有研究进行文献审查和综合.
  • 小RNA通路和 lncRNA机制的比较分析.
  • 讨论调节性ncRNAs的进化方面和功能作用.

主要成果:

  • 小RNA路径具有明确的机制.
  • lncRNA表现出各种各样的机制,其中许多仍在研究中.
  • ncRNA参与各种细胞过程和病理生理条件.

结论:

  • 调节性ncRNAs,特别是小RNAs和lncRNAs,对于基因调节和细胞功能至关重要.
  • 需要进一步研究以充分阐明 lncRNA 的复杂机制和功能.
  • 了解ncRNA交叉声和它们在疾病中的作用提供了有前途的治疗点.