美国的护理人员政策:系统审查
Makenna R Green1, M Courtney Hughes2, Sadia Afrin2
1School of Interdisciplinary Health Professions, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
Journal of public health policy
|November 16, 2024
概括
数以百万计的无薪照顾者面临着压力和经济压力. 现有的护理人员支持政策显示出混合的结果,研究有限,负面结果多于积极的结果,强调需要改进立法和研究,重点关注弱势群体.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 护理人员支持系统 护理人员支持系统
- 照顾者的社会经济影响
背景情况:
- 在美国,近5300万非正式照顾者经历了严重的精神,身体和财务压力.
- 护理职责往往会增加无薪护理人员的财务负担和健康挑战.
- 现有的非正式照顾者的支持结构各不相同,其有效性需要进行系统的评估.
研究的目的:
- 确定和审查联邦和州的非正式照顾者支持政策及其立法规定.
- 系统地审查学术文献,评估这些护理人员支持政策的定量结果.
- 评估目前护理人员政策研究的现状,并确定未来发展的差距.
主要方法:
- 系统审查学术文献和关于非正式照顾者政策的灰色报告.
- 确定联邦和州政策,包括其关键条款和立法授权.
- 纳入标准侧重于对护理人员支持政策的定量评估.
主要成果:
- 包括20项政策和8项学术研究;自2000年以来,许多政策被颁布.
- 对于现有的护理人员政策,发现很少有学术评估,研究规定有限.
- 休息服务,护理人员培训和工作场所保护是最常见的政策规定.
结论:
- 增加立法和研究是有必要的,以更好地支持非正式的照顾者.
- 现有的护理人员政策显示出混合的结果,一些研究显示的负面效应多于积极效应.
- 未来的研究应该优先考虑成本结果,公平性和弱势护理人员人群的分类数据.
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