环境空气污染与甲状腺癌和结节之间的关联:系统性审查
Varun Vohra1, Lekha V Yesantharao1, Rachel Stemme1
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association
|November 18, 2024
概括
环境空气污染,包括氧化和细颗粒物,可能会增加甲状腺癌的风险. 需要使用标准化方法进行进一步的研究来证实这些关联.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 全球甲状腺癌发病率有所上升,环境污染物成为潜在的贡献因素,并增加了检测.
- 了解空气质量与甲状腺健康之间的联系对于公共卫生倡议至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和评估暴露于环境空气污染物和甲状腺癌风险之间的关系.
- 综合现有的关于特定污染物的文献发现,以及它们与甲状腺癌或结节的关联.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,EMBASE等) 进行了系统的文献搜索. 对于在2024年3月之前发表的研究.
- 包括研究量化报告了室外空气污染和甲状腺癌/结节的污染物水平和影响大小.
- 提取和合成了研究设计,样本大小,暴露评估,共变量和风险关联的数据;评估了偏差风险.
主要成果:
- 涉及600多万患者的11项研究符合纳入标准,检查了臭氧 (O3),颗粒物 (PM2.5,PM10),二氧化硫 (SO2),氧化 (NOx),一氧化碳 (CO) 和多环芳 (PAH) 等污染物.
- 氧化 (NOx) 和臭氧 (O3) 与增加甲状腺癌风险相关 (分别为1.03-1.5倍和1.1-1.3倍).
- 颗粒物2.5 (PM2.5) 显示甲状腺癌诊断的几率增加 (1.18-1.23倍),风险随着更高的度或暴露时间而升级. 对CO,PM10和SO2的关联是不一致的.
结论:
- 新出现的证据表明,暴露于某些空气污染物,特别是NOx和PM2.5,与增加患甲状腺癌的风险之间存在潜在联系.
- 目前的证据受到研究设计约束,暴露评估的变化以及对混因素的不一致调整的限制.
- 标准化研究方法对于未来的研究来说至关重要,以澄清空气污染和甲状腺癌之间的复杂关系.
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