由非编码RNA编码的内源性在癌症生物学中的新兴作用
Anna Lucia Tornesello1, Andrea Cerasuolo2, Noemy Starita2
1Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy.
Non-coding RNA research
|November 18, 2024
概括
新发现的由非编码RNAs (ncRNAs) 编码的微在癌症中至关重要. 这些来自长非编码RNAs (lncRNAs),microRNAs (miRNAs) 和循环RNAs (circRNAs) 的小蛋白质为癌症诊断和治疗提供了潜力.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 在瘤学瘤学.
背景情况:
- 非编码RNAs (ncRNAs) 越来越多地被认为是它们在细胞过程中的调节作用,包括癌症.
- 最近的研究表明,ncRNAs可以通过短开放读取 (sORF) 来编码小,称为微或微蛋白.
研究的目的:
- 提供由长非编码RNAs (lncRNAs),microRNAs (miRNAs) 和循环RNAs (circRNAs) 编码的的全面审查.
- 阐明这些微在各种癌症类型中的调节功能和影响.
- 讨论临床翻译的挑战和未来方向.
主要方法:
- 对癌症中ncRNA编码的当前研究的文献综述.
- 对瘤发生过程中的调节功能和作用的分析.
- 对乳腺癌,肝细胞癌和结直肠癌的影响的鉴定.
主要成果:
- 由lncRNAs,miRNAs和circRNAs编码的微在癌症发展中起着重要作用,作为瘤抑制剂或促进剂.
- 这些小蛋白具有作为早期癌症诊断的生物标志物和治疗点的潜力.
- 具体的例子强调了它们在乳腺癌,肝细胞癌和结肠直肠癌中的参与.
结论:
- 编码ncRNA的代表了癌症生物学中的新和关键领域.
- 进一步的研究对于了解它们在癌症诊断和治疗中的临床实用性至关重要.
- 对这些新兴参与者的探索对于推进癌症治疗策略至关重要.
相关概念视频
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
8.5K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
8.5K
Types of RNA
5.7K
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
RNA Performs Diverse...
5.7K
MicroRNAs
3.0K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
3.0K
RNA Interference
25.9K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
25.9K
Experimental RNAi
6.1K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.1K
RNA Splicing
56.0K
Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
56.0K


