基于正念的干预措施针对可修改的生活方式行为与大脑健康相关:系统性审查和元分析
Ryan A Mace1,2, Matthew J Stauder1,3, Sarah W Hopkins1
1Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (RAM, MJS, SWH, JEC, MOP, AMV).
基于正念的干预措施 (MBI) 对改善睡眠,增加体力活动,帮助戒烟和减少成年人饮酒有希望. 然而,需要更多的研究来证实它们对整体大脑健康的影响.
科学领域:
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 生活方式行为显著影响认知功能和大脑健康.
- 基于正念的干预措施 (MBI) 越来越多地被探索其潜在的健康益处.
- 将MBI与与大脑健康相关的特定生活方式行为联系起来的证据需要综合.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析随机临床试验 (RCT),评估MBIs对与成人大脑健康相关的生活方式行为.
- 评估MBI在改变身体活动,睡眠,饮食,饮酒,吸烟和社会/心理活动方面的有效性.
- 评估MBI对这些生活方式行为的影响的证据质量.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (Ovid Medline,PsycINFO,CINAHL,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,ClinicalTrials.gov) 进行系统的文献搜索.
- 使用Covidence 2.0的研究查,包括79项针对成人 (18岁以上) 的随机临床试验 (RCT).
- 来自符合条件的RCT数据的元分析,重点关注睡眠,体力活动,戒烟和饮酒.
主要成果:
- 脑筋疲劳指数与睡眠障碍减少 (SMD = -0.53) 和体力活动增加 (SMD = 0.72) 相关.
- 在改善戒烟率 (OR = 2.11) 和降低酒精使用 (SMD = -0.39) 方面,MBIs表现出有效性.
- 中等到高质量的证据支持MBI的睡眠,体力活动,酒精使用和戒烟,但注意到异质性.
结论:
- 基于正念的干预措施对与大脑健康相关的关键生活方式行为产生了显著的积极影响,包括睡眠,体力活动,戒烟和饮酒.
- 目前的证据基础虽然适度到高质量的特定行为,但由于异质性和缺乏关于饮食,心理活动和直接认知功能的数据,存在局限性.
- 需要进一步的研究来阐明MBI对认知功能和整体大脑健康的全面影响.
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