在前性记忆任务中,精神分裂症患者的非最佳认知卸载:超认知信念和认知努力避免的影响
Amandine Décombe1,2, Chiara Scarampi3,4, Elora Malleville1
1Department of Psychology, Epsylon, Paul Valery University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Journal of neuropsychology
|November 18, 2024
概括
精神分裂症患者使用外部提醒不是最佳的,在容易的任务中更多地使用它们,但在困难的任务中没有增加使用. 这种非典型的提醒使用可能源于努力感知和元认知,影响未来的记忆干预.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经心理学 神经心理学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 认知卸载,使用外部辅助来减少精神努力,包括通过延迟意图的提醒来卸载意图.
- 精神分裂症患者往往有潜在的记忆缺陷,使得外部辅助工具,如提醒,可能是有益的.
- 了解精神分裂症中自发提醒的使用对于有效的神经心理干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查精神分裂症患者在潜在记忆任务期间自发提醒使用的动机和模式.
- 为了比较精神分裂症患者和非临床对照者之间的提醒使用,任务执行,感知努力和元认知信念.
- 探索精神分裂症中努力,元认知和非典型的提醒使用之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 对27名精神分裂症患者和27名非临床对照进行了两级难度的前性记忆任务.
- 参与者决定是否使用外部提醒或内部记忆,收集关于提醒使用,性能 (成功/错误),主观努力和元认知信念的数据.
- 统计分析对提醒使用模式和与任务相关的变量进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,精神分裂症组表现出非最佳的提醒使用,在简单的任务中更多地使用它们,但未能在困难的任务中增加使用.
- 精神分裂症患者认为这项简单的任务比对照组更费力,尽管报告了高记忆能力估计.
- 精神分裂症的提醒使用是不典型的,可能与努力感知和元认知有关,尽管直接因果关系需要进一步研究.
结论:
- 在精神分裂症患者中,自发提醒的使用是非典型的和非最佳的,这凸显了对定制的神经心理干预措施的需求.
- 努力感知和元认知信念可能会影响精神分裂症患者的提醒使用,但它们的直接影响需要进一步调查.
- 这些发现为开发和完善精神分裂症中潜在记忆缺陷的神经心理治疗提供了洞察力.
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