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狩猎采集者之间的文化传播
Barry S Hewlett1, Adam H Boyette2, Sheina Lew-Levy3
1Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686.
概括
移动狩猎采集社会的儿童通过各种社会传播方式学习,包括垂直,水平,斜和群体学习. 这些机制对于文化保护和累积文化的发展至关重要.
科学领域:
- 人类学是人类学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 文化进化 文化进化
背景情况:
- 移动的狩猎采集者社会代表了人类历史的很大一部分.
- 之前的研究还没有充分探索这些群体中所有社会学习传播模式.
- 了解学习机制是理解文化传播的关键.
研究的目的:
- 检查儿童在移动的狩猎采集者社会中学习的各种方式.
- 在狩猎采集者研究中分析以前未被评估的传播模式 (Cavalli-Sforza & Feldman,1981).
- 引入和探索新的群体传播模式:合规,协调和累积传播.
主要方法:
- 审查最近关于狩猎采集者的传播方式的研究.
- 来自Cavalli-Sforza和Feldman (1981) 的五种传输方式的分析.
- 检查民族学数据以确定群体传播类型.
主要成果:
- 纵向传播在文化特征保护中的作用可能被低估,因为人们忽视了远距离的世代,并区分了传播类型.
- 狩猎采集者的孩子从非遗传相关的个体 (大约. 50%的水平/斜学习).
- 亲密的生活条件促进了群体传播,至少有三种类型被确定,有助于文化保护和多样性.
结论:
- 狩猎采集儿童通过垂直,水平,斜和群体传播的复杂相互作用来学习.
- 群体传播方式 (符合性,协调性,累积性) 对于文化保存,同质性和多样性至关重要.
- 该研究强调了狩猎采集者社会中学习和文化传播的各种机制,有助于累积文化.
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