基因,文化和科学种族主义
Kevin N Lala1, Marcus W Feldman2
1School of Biology, Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom.
概括
量化和基因文化共同进化的研究驳斥了种族之间遗传差异的种族主义主张. 遗传数据显示没有种族基层结构,挑战了生物学中对种族的天真解释.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 人类学是人类学.
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
背景情况:
- 文化进化 (CE) 和基因文化共同进化 (GCC) 的定量研究在20世纪70年代出现.
- 这些领域是作为对极端遗传观点和围绕种族,智力和社会生物学的争论的回应而出现的.
- 中欧和海湾合作委员会将文化传播与遗传学相结合,以解释人类的变异性.
研究的目的:
- 证明CE和GCC的发现与种族主义者关于社会定义种族之间固有的遗传差异的断言相矛盾.
- 提出遗传证据,驳斥人类人口中种族基层结构的概念.
- 解决和纠正生物科学中种族的简单解释,特别是关于祖先,健康和智力.
主要方法:
- 对文化进化和基因文化共同进化的定量研究的审查.
- 对遗传数据的分析,以评估人类人口的基层结构.
- 批评那些延续种族主义意识形态的生物科学解释.
主要成果:
- 中东欧和海湾合作委员会研究始终表明,社会定义种族之间的遗传差异并不无处不在.
- 遗传数据提供了强有力的证据,反对人类存在明显的种族基础结构.
- 在生物学中对种族的天真解释,通常与祖先,健康和智力有关,在科学上是毫无根据的.
结论:
- 基因文化共同进化为理解人类变异提供了一个强大的框架.
- 海湾合作委员会 (GCC) 的观点挑战了对人类生物学和行为的减少主义和确定主义观点.
- 整合遗传和文化数据反驳了种族主义观念,并促进了更具包容性的科学理解.
相关概念视频
02:55Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
90.0K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
90.0K
01:25Genetic Variation
260
Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
260
01:28Human Genetics
535
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
535
01:23Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs
329
Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
329
01:11Genetic Lingo
101.2K
Overview
101.2K
01:09Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift
58.1K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
58.1K