针对特定任务的基于转换器的语言模型在医疗保健中:范围审查
Ha Na Cho1, Tae Joon Jun2, Young-Hak Kim3
1Department of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
JMIR medical informatics
|November 18, 2024
概括
变压器模型提供了医疗保健方面的进步,但面临着实施挑战. 本综述巩固了它们的应用和局限性,以指导未来的研究和改善患者的治疗结果.
科学领域:
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 基于变压器的语言模型显示了医疗保健中临床决策支持,患者互动和疾病预测的潜力.
- 由于缺乏全面的审查,临床环境中的实施受到限制,这阻碍了系统的理解.
- 有效使用的困难导致研究效率低下,并缓慢地融入临床工作流程.
研究的目的:
- 通过检查基于医疗变压器的语言模型的研究来解决理解的差距.
- 将这些模型分为六个关键的医疗保健任务:对话生成,问答,总结,文本分类,情感分析和命名实体识别.
主要方法:
- 根据Cochrane协议进行了范围审查.
- 在主要数据库中进行了全面的文献搜索,从2017年1月到2024年9月.
- 包括在医疗任务中涉及变压器衍生模型的研究被纳入并归类.
主要成果:
- 关键发现强调了将变压器模型应用于医疗保健的进步和关键挑战.
- 像MedPIR (对话生成) 这样的模型显示出希望,但引发了隐私/伦理方面的担忧.
- 问答模型 (例如,BioBERT) 提高了准确性,但与医学术语的复杂性斗争;总结模型 (例如,BioBERTSum) 需要更好的长序处理.
结论:
- 本次审查巩固了变压器模型在医疗保健中的作用,并指导了未来的研究.
- 解决已识别的挑战可以使医疗保健提供和患者的结果得到显著改善.
- 为未来的医学信息学研究和实际应用提供了有价值的见解.
更多相关视频
07:50A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
Published on: September 20, 2018
15.9K
07:31Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
Published on: May 15, 2020
7.0K
相关概念视频
Methods of Documentation VI: Case Management Model
559
The case management model is a multidisciplinary approach that involves healthcare professionals from diverse disciplines, such as physicians, nurses, therapists, social workers, and pharmacists, working collaboratively to address the various needs of patients. Each healthcare professional brings unique expertise and perspectives, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the patient's condition and tailoring treatment plans accordingly.
For example, a patient with a chronic...
For example, a patient with a chronic...
559
Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System
5.6K
The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
5.6K
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I
2.0K
A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...
2.0K
Documentation in Long-Term and Home Healthcare Setting
873
Documentation in long-term care facilities and home healthcare settings is crucial for ensuring continuous, coordinated, and comprehensive care for patients. Each setting has its specific documentation processes and tools:
Long-Term Care Facilities
Long-Term Care Facilities
873
Data Validation
5.0K
Data validation is an essential part of a comprehensive assessment. Validation is confirming or verifying and opening the door to gathering more assessment data as it clarifies vague or unclear data. The process of checking and verifying the collected information is called data validation. The primary purpose of data validation is to ensure data is as free from error, bias, and misinterpretation as possible.
Nursing assessment guides are generally based on holistic models rather than medical...
Nursing assessment guides are generally based on holistic models rather than medical...
5.0K
Health Literacy
4.0K
Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative...
4.0K
