精神病经历的人的认知功能:系统审查和元分析研究
Ryan Sai Ting Chu1, Ivan Wai Lok Chu1, Esther Wing-Chi Yip1
1Department of Psychiatry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Molecular psychiatry
|November 18, 2024
概括
精神病体验 (PEs) 与一般认知,口语流,视觉记忆和工作记忆方面的轻微认知缺陷有关. 这些障碍通常不那么严重,而不是精神疾病中出现的障碍.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 以前的研究表明精神病体验 (PEs) 和认知障碍之间存在联系,但研究结果是混合的.
- 与PEs相关的认知缺陷的确切性质和程度需要进一步澄清.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和定量合成具有和没有PEs的个体的认知功能.
- 探索PEs认知缺陷的潜在调节者,包括年龄,性别和评估方法.
主要方法:
- 一项对27项研究的元分析,比较了PE患者和没有PE患者的认知功能 (n=82,561).
- 包括6项额外的研究来进行高水平与低水平PE的比较 (n=8062).
- 随机效应模型被用来计算聚合效应大小 (赫奇斯的g),用子组分析和元回归.
主要成果:
- 患有PEs的个体在一般认知 (g=-0.10),口语流 (g=-0.05),视觉记忆 (g=-0.21) 和工作记忆 (g=-0.16) 中表现明显差.
- 一般认知缺陷与年轻的年龄,男性性别和先前的PE评估有关.
- 工作记忆缺陷与同时进行的认知和PE评估有关;在高水平和低水平PE之间没有发现显著差异.
结论:
- 与已确定的精神病障碍相比,PEs与较轻和更有限的认知障碍有关.
- 在PEs的认知缺陷受到年龄,性别和评估时间等因素的影响.
- 需要进一步的研究来区分短暂与持续PEs的认知轨迹.
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