通过机器学习和自然语言处理改善紧急部门的分拣性能:系统性审查
1Industrial Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Osvaldo Aranha 55, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. bmatosporto@gmail.com.
BMC emergency medicine
|November 18, 2024
概括
机器学习和自然语言处理在提高急诊室分拣准确度方面表现有前途. 这些人工智能方法,特别是像XGBoost和DNNs这样的先进算法,可以在传统系统上增强患者分类.
科学领域:
- 紧急医疗 紧急医疗
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
背景情况:
- 紧急诊所 (ED) 的分选对患者护理优先级至关重要,传统上使用曼彻斯特分选量表 (MTS).
- 传统的分选方法容易出现人为错误,导致分选不足或过多,患者分类不一致.
- 机器学习 (ML) 和自然语言处理 (NLP) 提供了改善ED分拣准确性和一致性的潜在解决方案.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析有关应用ML和/或NLP算法的研究,以对ED患者进行分类.
- 评估各种ML/NLP模型在紧急情况下对患者严重程度的分类中的性能和局限性.
主要方法:
- 在五个主要科学数据库中按照PRISMA指南进行了系统审查.
- 包括从数据库创建到2023年10月发表的研究,重点关注用于分类分类的ML / NLP方法.
- 预测模型偏差风险评估工具 (PROBAST) 用于评估纳入研究中的偏差风险.
主要成果:
- 分析了60项涉及57个ML算法的研究,其中物流回归是最常见的.
- 极端渐变增强 (XGBoost),渐变增强 (GB) 决策树和深度神经网络 (DNN) 显示出卓越的性能.
- 关键预测变量包括人口统计学,生命体征 (氧和,静脉压),首席投诉,年龄和到达方式;然而,在分类模型中注意到了显著的偏差风险.
结论:
- 通过使用护理笔记和结构化临床数据,NLP集成提高了ML算法的分类准确性.
- 功能工程和类不平衡校正改善了ML工作流的性能,尽管功能工程和可解释AI (XAI) 仍未得到充分探索.
- 该系统性审查已在PROSPERO注册 (注册号:CRD42024604529) 并由巴西的CNPq提供资金.
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