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对衡量社区健康状况指数的范围审查
Susan T Pastula1, Lauren C Bylsma1, Saumitra V Rege2
1EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies LLC, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Population health management
|November 19, 2024
概括
这次范围审查确定了8个综合健康指数,使用公共数据和GIS映射来评估美国社区健康状况. 这些指数包含各种指标,为广泛的公共卫生应用提供了潜力.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 地理信息系统 (GIS) 是指地理信息系统.
背景情况:
- 综合健康指标对于评估人口健康和指导干预至关重要.
- 评估社区健康需要综合性指标,考虑各种健康决定因素.
研究的目的:
- 为社区健康评估绘制有关综合健康相关指标的现有文献.
- 确定在美国开发或使用具有GIS能力的复合健康指数的研究.
主要方法:
- 使用Arksey和O'Malley框架进行了范围审查.
- 在PubMed和EMBASE的搜索中发现了使用GIS复合健康指数的美国研究,用于县级或更低的社区健康评估.
- 选了来自5112篇文章的数据,结果包括了8项研究.
主要成果:
- 这八项研究描述了从4到75个指标的综合健康指数 (中位数:22).
- 通常包括的领域是健康结果,行为,教育和经济学.
- 关键指标包括高中毕业率,医疗保险状况,通勤时间,收入,失业率和肥胖率,所有这些都来自公共数据.
结论:
- 尽管确定的指数数量有限,但它们涵盖了广泛的健康结果和促成因素.
- 使用公开可用的数据和地理信息系统的整合为广泛应用在不同的美国环境中提供了显著的潜力.
- 这些综合健康指数可以为社区一级的公共卫生战略和干预提供信息.
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