将非常相似的刺激作为不同等效类的成员进行歧视
Vanessa Ayres-Pereira1,2, Deisy de Souza2, Erik Arntzen1
1Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway.
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
|November 19, 2024
概括
同时呈现几乎相同的刺激作为比较,有效地训练参与者形成不同的等效类. 这种方法独特地促进了成功的班级形成,与其他经过测试的培训条件不同.
科学领域:
- 行为心理学 行为心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 学习科学 学习科学
背景情况:
- 区分物理上相似的刺激对学习至关重要.
- 针对涉及类似刺激的有条件歧视的有效培训方法尚未得到充分确立.
- 等价类的形成要求参与者根据任意关系将刺激分组在一起.
研究的目的:
- 调查在条件歧视训练中显示近似相同刺激的最佳方法.
- 要确定刺激的呈现 (同时与连续,样本与比较) 如何影响等效类的形成.
- 为了使参与者能够在类似的刺激之间进行区分,作为不同的等效类的成员.
主要方法:
- 18名成年人接受了使用多探针设计的任意关系 (AB/AC) 训练.
- 参与者被随机分配到六个不同的训练条件中,这些条件包括连续或同时呈现几乎相同的刺激作为样本和/或比较.
- 条件4只涉及同时呈现几乎相同的刺激作为比较.
主要成果:
- 条件4,即将近乎相同的刺激同时作为比较呈现出来,唯一的结果是所有参与者成功形成了等效类.
- 条件3和6 (涉及连续或同时进行比较) 无法确定等效类.
- 条件1,2,5 (涉及连续样本) 没有导致基线学习.
结论:
- 将几乎相同的刺激呈现为同时比较对于成功形成等效类的形成至关重要.
- 在培训过程中最佳的刺激显示显著影响了歧视的获取.
- 这些发现有助于理解如何训练复杂的歧视和等价关系.
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