博障碍药理学试验中的安慰剂和安慰剂效应:元分析
Konstantinos Ioannidis1,2,3, Nathan T M Huneke1, Jeremy E Solly3,4
1Department of Psychiatry, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.
Acta neuropsychiatrica
|November 20, 2024
概括
安慰剂效应显著减少博障碍症状,改善生活质量. 这些效应受到药物类型和试验持续时间等因素的影响,并且还观察到nocebo效应.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 安慰剂和安慰剂效应在精神疾病中很常见,但在博障碍中没有得到充分研究.
- 这一元分析调查了博障碍临床试验中的安慰剂效应.
研究的目的:
- 在博障碍治疗中检查安慰剂效应及其调节剂.
- 评估博障碍随机对照试验中的nocebo效应.
主要方法:
- 进行了一项针对博障碍药物的双盲随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统搜索.
- 分析包括16个RCT与833名参与者,评估博症状严重程度和生活质量.
- 为了评估nocebo效应,分析了安慰剂手臂中因副作用而导致的退学.
主要成果:
- 对于减少博严重程度 (效果大小1.18) 和改善生活质量 (效果大小0.63) 发现了很大的安慰剂效应.
- 药物类别,研究赞助,试验持续时间,基线严重程度和出版年份调节了这些影响.
- 在抗精神病药物试验中,导致退学的nocebo效应发生在6%的参与者身上,在其他人中则较少.
结论:
- 博障碍药理学试验中的安慰剂效应是实质性的,并受到各种调节者的影响.
- 假药效应是可测量的,并且可能与正在研究的药物类别有关.
- 结果为未来的博障碍临床试验提供了实际意义和建议.
相关概念视频
01:54The Placebo Effect
6.1K
The placebo effect occurs when people's expectations or beliefs influence or determine their experience in a given situation. In other words, simply expecting something to happen can actually make it happen.
6.1K
02:07Blind Procedures
10.6K
Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
10.6K
01:11Blinding
2.4K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
2.4K
01:15Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
444
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
444
01:23Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants
1.3K
Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
1.3K