改善高收入国家贫困人口获得癌症护理的干预措施:系统审查
Anna Santos Salas1,2, Nahyeni Bassah1, Anna Pujadas Botey2,3
1Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Third Floor Edmonton, Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Oncology reviews
|November 20, 2024
概括
有针对性的干预措施通过解决成本和距离等障碍,有效地改善贫困人口获得癌症护理的机会. 对于普遍医疗覆盖 (UHC) 国家,需要进一步的研究.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 癌症护理公平性 癌症护理公平性
背景情况:
- 全球和加拿大的贫困人口由于系统社会经济,环境和社会因素而经历了严重的癌症不平等.
- 这些不平等造成了获得癌症护理的障碍,导致患者体验和结果较差.
- 有效的干预措施对于设计定制策略至关重要,以改善这些群体获得癌症护理的机会.
研究的目的:
- 系统地确定旨在加强弱势群体获得癌症护理的干预措施和计划.
- 专注于具有普遍医疗覆盖 (UHC) 的高收入国家和整个癌症护理连续性的美国.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA标准进行了全面的系统审查.
- 搜索包括主要数据库 (Medline,EMBASE,PsycINFO,CINAHL,Scopus,Cochrane图书馆) 在2013-2023年间发表的研究.
- 纳入标准侧重于针对服务不足的成年人 (18+) 干预措施的定量和定性研究,具体纳入了美国的研究.
主要成果:
- 该审查确定了74项符合纳入标准的研究,主要来自美国 (56项研究).
- 发现了七种干预类型:患者导航,教育,虚拟健康,服务重新设计,财务支持,地理可访问性改进和多组件方法.
- 干预措施成功地缓解了与语言,距离,财务,知识差距和文化差异有关的障碍,大大改善了获得癌症护理的机会.
结论:
- 专门为克服服务不足人群所面临的障碍而设计的干预措施在改善癌症护理准入方面表现出有效性.
- 在普遍医疗覆盖 (UHC) 国家的研究中存在一个显著的差距,突出了需要进一步调查的需要.
- 未来的研究应该专注于在UHC医疗保健系统中为服务不足的人群开发和评估定制干预措施.
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