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Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes
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Published on: July 28, 2018

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在小分子和多基物质中的光催化C-F键激活

Xin Liu1, Arindam Sau2, Alexander R Green1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

Nature
|November 20, 2024
PubMed
概括

研究人员开发了一种新的有机光氧化催化剂, 这一突破使得包括PFAS在内的持久性有机可以转化为有价值的合成构件和环境修复辅助剂.

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Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
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The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
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Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
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