探索基于BERT和GPT的大型语言模型中的反转诅咒和其他演逻辑推理
Da Wu1,2, Jingye Yang1,2, Kai Wang1,3
1Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Patterns (New York, N.Y.)
|November 21, 2024
概括
像GPT这样的大型语言模型 (LLM) 由于"逆向诅咒"而难以逆转语句. 双向编码器模型 (BERT) 避免了这种情况,为各种AI任务展示了独特的推理能力.
科学领域:
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 自动回归解码器大语言模型 (LLM),如生成预训练变压器 (GPT) 模型,表现出一种
- 逆转的诅咒,一个逆转的诅咒.
- 这阻碍了他们从"A是B"中推断出"B是A"的能力.
- 这种限制影响了它们在知识图构建和其他演推理任务中的实用性.
研究的目的:
- 研究不同大型语言模型架构的逻辑推理能力.
- 为了比较双向编码器模型 (BERT) 和自动回归解码器模型 (GPT) 在需要演推理的任务上的性能.
- 识别编码器-解码器架构在处理复杂逻辑操作中的优缺点.
主要方法:
- 培训编码器和解码器LLMs在设置操作 (联合和交叉) 上.
- 对涉及两组和三组任务的模型性能进行评估.
- 从变压器 (BERT) 和生成预训练变压器 (GPT) 模型中分析双向编码器表示的逻辑推理能力.
主要成果:
- 双向LLM (BERT) 不表现出解码器LLM (GPT) 中观察到的"反向诅咒".
- 编码器和解码器模型都成功地用两组执行了集操作.
- 两种模型类型都在涉及三组的演推理任务中扎,这表明复杂的逻辑运算存在局限性.
结论:
- 关于逻辑推理,编码器和解码器LLM架构之间存在显著的差异.
- 对于需要反向推断的任务,BERT的双向上下文理解是有利的.
- GPT的序列预测优势更适合于其他自然语言任务.
- 模型选择 (BERT与GPT) 应该基于特定任务的要求,以实现最佳性能.
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