影响"世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约"在非洲实施的上下文因素 - - 范围审查
Shashika Bandara1, Masauso Moses Phiri2, Peter Magati3
1Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 5858 Chem. de la Côte-des-Neiges, Montréal, QC H3S 1Z1 or Tiohtià:ke, Canada.
Health promotion international
|November 21, 2024
概括
在全球范围内,吸烟导致数百万人的死亡. 本综述考察了影响"世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约"在非洲实施的情境因素,强调了关键的政策驱动因素.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 烟草控制研究研究 烟草控制研究
- 非洲卫生系统 非洲卫生系统
背景情况:
- 烟草使用导致全球每年超过800万人的死亡,二手烟的重大影响.
- 烟草行业积极准世卫组织非洲地区的市场,那里的吸烟率正在上升.
- 有效的烟草控制政策制定和实施需要了解国家政治和经济背景.
研究的目的:
- 将学术研究对影响世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约 (WHO FCTC) 在世界卫生组织非洲地区的国家一级实施的上下文因素进行映射.
- 确定和报告影响该地区实施世卫组织"公约"的具体背景因素.
主要方法:
- 采用了一个范围审查方法,涉及到对四个学术数据库的系统搜索.
- 总共有10,342篇文章最初被确定,其中42篇被选择用于全面的数据提取.
- 数据的提取是根据莱希特的四类背景 (情境,结构,文化,外源) 和启发式政策模型进行的.
主要成果:
- 情境因素 (例如疾病负担) 可以推动政府政策制定.
- 结构因素 (政治,经济,机构能力) 和文化因素 (政策企业家,论) 显著影响实施.
- 外源因素,包括WHO FCTC本身,行业影响力和伙伴关系,也起着至关重要的作用.
结论:
- 了解各种背景因素对于加强世卫组织"公约"国家实施至关重要.
- 将政策制定和支持量身定制为特定的国家背景,可以提高非洲地区的烟草控制效率.
- 建议对这些上下文动态进行进一步的研究,以使支持与世卫组织FCTC秘书处和相关机构保持一致.
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