开始阅读指导:音节还是语音? 一项实验性培训研究,对讲阿拉伯语的文盲学前儿童进行了实验
Hanadi Abu Ahmad1, David L Share2
1Department of Early Childhood, Beit Berl College.
Developmental psychology
|November 21, 2024
概括
基于音节的辅音-母音 (CV) 单元的阅读教学被证明比基于语音的指导更有效. 这种方法提高了阅读速度和准确性,而不管孩子的语音偏好.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 教育教育教育教育教育教育.
背景情况:
- 开始阅读教学经常讨论基于音符的效果与更大的单位 (例如音节) 方法的有效性.
- "可用性假设"表明,教学有效性与儿童喜欢的语音单元保持一致.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较拼音 (辅音-母音单元) 与语音指令对早期阅读和拼写的有效性.
- 调查教学效率是否与儿童的语音偏好保持一致.
- 检查语法教学是否促进语音意识,以及认知因素在语音教学中的作用.
主要方法:
- 有104名学龄前未识字的幼儿接受了14次阅读和拼写培训,使用不熟悉的文字.
- 教学小组使用的是完整的辅音-母音 (CV) 单元,音符或半音符.
- 在培训期间和一周后,对记忆和概括进行了绩效评估.
主要成果:
- 基于辅音母音 (CV) 的教学在阅读准确性和速度方面明显优于语音或半语音指令.
- "可用性假设"没有得到支持;基于CV的教学优越,而不管孩子们喜欢的语音单元.
- 工作记忆,短期记忆和快速自动化命名 (RAN) 等认知因素预测了基于音符的学习的收益,但不是基于CV的学习.
结论:
- 基于音节 (CV单元) 的教学比基于音节的方法更有效地开始阅读和拼写.
- 语法教学可能会自发地诱导语音意识,挑战"可用性假设".
- 认知能力对基于音符的学习更为关键,这表明对各种教学方法的认知需求不同.
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