捕食者的目光吸引了人类和黑猩猩的注意力
Will Whitham1,2, Bradley Karstadt3, Nicola C Anderson4
1Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.
PloS one
|November 21, 2024
概括
灵长类动物,包括人类和黑猩猩,在风险评估中优先考虑捕食者的眼睛. 直接捕食者的凝视吸引了更多的注意力,表明危险增加并影响视觉焦点.
科学领域:
- 灵长类动物的行为
- 视觉注意力 视觉注意力
- 捕食者-猎物的动态.
背景情况:
- 灵长类动物迅速评估掠食风险,使用掠食者的目光方向作为检测和危险的关键指标.
- 了解指导灵长类风险评估的视觉特征对于进化和认知科学至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究人类和黑猩猩如何视觉地关注捕食者和猎物的刺激,重点关注凝视方向和眼睛固定.
- 确定低级和高级视觉特征在引导注意力向潜在威胁中的作用.
主要方法:
- 眼睛追踪技术被用来记录人类和黑猩猩参与者对捕食者 (狮子) 和猎物 () 的图像的公开关注.
- 刺激包括从描绘的动物的直接或转移的目光的图像.
- 分析了凝视模式,以确定与动物类型和凝视方向相关的固定点和持续时间.
主要成果:
- 人类和黑猩猩都更注重捕食者的眼睛,而不是猎物的眼睛.
- 注意力最高的是向捕食者的眼睛,他们的目光是有针对性的.
- 人类,与黑猩猩不同,表现出一种普遍的偏好,在所有刺激中固定在眼睛上,而不仅仅是捕食者.
结论:
- 捕食者的眼睛,特别是当它们直接着它们时,对于灵长类来说是评估即时威胁的关键线索.
- 灵长类动物的视觉注意力是微调的,以检测与威胁相关的突出特征,视线方向起着重要作用.
- 仅仅是低水平的视觉特征并不能完全解释捕食者与猎物的相互作用中的这些复杂的目光导向注意力模式.
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