评估空气污染的差异作为种族,贫困和部门排放的函数在英格兰
Nathan R Gray1, Alastair C Lewis2, Sarah J Moller2
1Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
Environment international
|November 21, 2024
概括
少数民族面临更高的空气污染暴露,NOx和PM2.5排放对中国,阿拉伯,孟加拉国,巴基斯坦和罗马社区的影响不成比例,与社会经济上匹配的白人人口相比. 国内燃烧和公路运输是主要的贡献者.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 空气污染分布受到地理,天气,工业,运输和监管的影响.
- 污染源分布不均,导致对某些社区造成不成比例的影响.
- 社会经济贫困和种族是影响污染源附近的因素.
研究的目的:
- 区分贫困和种族对污染暴露的影响.
- 量化英格兰少数民族对氧化 (NOx) 和颗粒物 (PM2.5) 暴露的差异.
主要方法:
- 利用了2021年人口普查数据,以低层超级产出区 (LSOA) 规模计算社会经济贫困和种族.
- 综合人口统计数据与英格兰NOx和初级PM2.5的1x1公里部门解决的大气排放清单.
- 少数民族和大多数"白人:英语,威尔士语,苏格兰语,北爱尔兰语或英国语"群体之间的排放暴露比较,控制贫困.
主要成果:
- 所有24个被研究的少数民族都经历了比社会经济上匹配的白人人口更高的当地平均NOx和PM2.5排放.
- 中国,阿拉伯和孟加拉社区面临的NOx差异最大 (91-100%更高).
- 孟加拉国,巴基斯坦和罗姆人群体的当地PM2.5排放量较高 (36-40%以上).
- 造成NOx差异的主要原因是:道路运输 (48%),家庭燃烧 (23%),工业 (15%).
- 造成PM2.5差异的主要原因是:国内燃烧 (53%),公路运输 (19%),工业 (11%).
- 在城市,郊区和农村地区仍然存在差异.
结论:
- 种族是一个重要的独立因素,有助于空气污染差异,超出社会经济贫困.
- 国内燃烧,公路运输和工业来源在很大程度上推动了这些种族差异.
- 解决污染不平等问题需要有针对性的战略,考虑各种来源和地理环境.
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