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相关概念视频

Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

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Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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Hindsight Biases01:12

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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相关实验视频

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A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
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在感知决策中挑战贝叶斯的信心假设.

Kai Xue1, Medha Shekhar1, Dobromir Rahnev1

  • 1School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 22, 2024
PubMed
概括

信任判断不能依赖于复杂的概率计算. 新的研究表明,对于感知任务,对原始证据空间 (CRES) 的信心比贝叶斯信心假设 (BCH) 是一个更好的模型.

关键词:
值得信赖的信心计算计算感知性决策 - 感知性的决策信号检测理论 信号检测理论视觉元认知 (Visual Metacognition) 是指视觉元认知 (Visual Metacognition) 是指视觉元认知 (Visual Metacognition) 是指视觉元认知 (Visual Metacognition) 是指视觉元认知 (Visual Metacognition) 是指视觉元认知 (Visual Metacognition) 是指视觉元认知 (Visual Metacognition) 是指视觉元认知 (Visual Metacognition) 是指视觉元认知 (Visual Metacognition) 是指

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2025

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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 决策 决策 决策 决策

背景情况:

  • 贝叶斯信心假设 (BCH) 是一种重要的信心理论,它反映了后面的概率.
  • 在复杂的任务中,BCH面临着挑战,而对原始证据空间 (CRES) 的信心假设提供了一个替代方案.
  • CRES假设信心是基于原始的感官证据,绕过了明确的概率计算.

研究的目的:

  • 测试竞争的贝叶斯信心假设 (BCH) 和对原始证据空间 (CRES) 模型的信心.
  • 用高斯证据分布来调查感知任务中的信心判断.
  • 确定任务难度信息是否可以区分BCH和CRES.

主要方法:

  • 设计感知任务以诱导高斯证据分布.
  • 在三个实验中收集行为数据,检查信心判断.
  • 对实施BCH和CRES的16种变体进行了广泛的模型比较.

主要成果:

  • 即使在简单的双选择任务中,也观察到区分BCH和CRES的行为特征.
  • 所有实验都显示了与CRES计算一致的结果,与BCH预测相矛盾.
  • 在所有变体和实验中,CRES模型的表现优于BCH模型.

结论:

  • 这些发现挑战了贝叶斯信任假设 (BCH) 对信任判断的优势.
  • 证据强烈支持对原始证据空间 (CRES) 假设的信心.
  • 表明人类可能直接基于感官证据标准建立信心,而不是后期概率.