人口特征在司法卫生研究基于PubMed摘要从1963年到2023年:文本挖掘研究研究
Wilson Lukmanjaya1, Tony Butler1, Patricia Taflan1
1School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
JMIR formative research
|November 22, 2024
概括
司法卫生研究显示,越来越多地关注女性人口和年轻人,但男性囚犯仍未得到充分研究. 精神疾病和北欧国家主导着研究,突出了报告人口特征的差距.
科学领域:
- 司法卫生研究 司法卫生研究
- 流行病学犯罪学 流行病学犯罪学
- 公共卫生和司法系统的交叉路口.
背景情况:
- 流行病学犯罪学,或司法健康研究,检查公共卫生和司法系统的交叉点.
- 对研究成果的反思对于集中和公平的努力至关重要,解决现有的知识差距.
研究的目的:
- 在大量公布的司法健康研究中分析人口特征.
- 发现流行病学犯罪学领域的研究缺口和偏见.
主要方法:
- 在34481个PubMed摘要 (1963-2023) 上使用了文本挖掘方法.
- 确定了四个主要的人口特征:性别,年龄,犯罪者类型和国籍.
- 该方法实现了94.3%的微精度和89.9%的微F1得分.
主要成果:
- 49.4%的摘要缺乏人口特征的提及;只有1.3%报告了所有四个.
- 自1990年以来,仅针对女性群体的研究显著增加,到2023年将超过仅针对男性群体的研究.
- 患有精神疾病的犯罪者是研究最多的群体,研究自1990年以来一直在增加;北欧国家在与监禁人口相比的研究中领先.
结论:
- 尽管女性占监禁人员的5%,但对女性的研究增加了,这表明男性囚犯的代表性不足.
- 研究中对年轻人 (<18岁) 的关注反映了年轻人对司法系统的参与度增加.
- 司法卫生研究不充分描述受调查人群,表明需要改进报告准则和参与者多样性.
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