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在低投入作物系统下测量和建模水流和农药浸出

Laure Mamy¹, Jesús M Marín-Benito², Lionel Alletto³

¹Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120 Palaiseau, France.

The Science of the total environment

|November 22, 2024

概括

重新设计可持续的农业作物系统是减少农药对地下水和健康的影响的关键. 三种农药命运模型 (MACRO,PEARL,PRZM) 在模拟农药浸出时的准确性较差,突出了环境风险评估中的挑战.

科学领域:

农业科学农业科学
环境科学环境科学
土壤科学土壤科学

背景情况:

可持续农业旨在减少农药的使用和对环境的影响,特别是对地下水和人类健康的影响.
实地实验对于评估所有作物系统和农药组合是不切实际的.
农药命运模型是评估农业环境风险的关键工具.

研究的目的:

在六个不同的低投入作物系统中测量水流和农药浸出.
评估和比较三种农药命运模型 (MACRO,PEARL,PRZM) 在模拟这些过程中的性能.
在这些模型中开发和评估一个参数化交叉作物系统的方法.

主要方法:

在不同的土壤和气候条件下,在三年内对日小麦,油菜,小麦和大麦轮换以及玉米单一栽培进行了实验.
使用通用例程和跨作物的新方法对MACRO,PEARL和PRZM模型进行参数化.
在 lysimeter 样本中量化 12 种应用的农药,以评估泄漏.

主要成果:

用作物间的平均作物因子进行累积水流模拟是可以接受的,但动态并没有准确地捕捉到.
lysimeter样本中的农药度经常超过0.1μg L-1,模型在复制这些度方面的性能通常很差.
马克罗模型表现出比PEARL和PRZM更好的性能,特别是在使用"最坏的情况下"和降解参数时.

结论:

准确模拟农药在土壤中的转移仍然是一个重大挑战,需要进一步的模型开发.
开发的作物间参数化方法对评估地下水污染风险有潜在的用处.
如果没有校准,当前的农药命运模型可能会低估低投入作物系统中的浸出,因此在监管风险评估中需要谨慎应用.

关键词:

覆盖作物覆盖作物实地实验是一个实地实验.杂交作物杂交作物杂交作物泄漏泄漏是一种泄漏.农药命运模型中的农药命运模型植物保护产品是一种植物保护产品.

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