环境监测对于抗击流行病的价值
Pedro Nascimento de Lima1, Sarah Karr2, Jing Zhi Lim2
1RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA, USA. plima@rand.org.
Scientific reports
|November 23, 2024
概括
环境采样监测 (ESS) 提供了早期的流行病警告,可能挽救生命并降低成本. 扩大ESS是有价值的,特别是对于更致命的病原体,即使在罕见的疫情中也提供了净收益.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 环境采样监测 (ESS) 技术,如废水基因组监测和空气传感器在COVID-19大流行期间获得了吸引力.
- 欧洲社会统计系统为公共卫生应对提供了关键数据,但其覆盖范围不一致.
- 决策者需要指导如何扩大和维持ESS的努力.
研究的目的:
- 引入一个模型来量化ESS系统在疫情应对中的价值.
- 以COVID-19作为基准来评估ESS的经济和公共卫生效益.
- 探索ESS值如何受到病原体特征和干预有效性的影响.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个模型来量化ESS系统的价值,提供领先的流行病学指标.
- 在第一年模拟了一种类似于COVID-19的流行病情景.
- 分析了生物和社会参数对ESS价值的影响.
主要成果:
- 具有5天早期预警优势的ESS系统可以将死亡人数减少10%,并在COVID-19类流行病的第一年每人获得1,450美元的净货币收益.
- 随着病原体的传染性和期限,ESS的价值会增加,这取决于有效的公共卫生干预措施.
- 对于不经常出现的病原体,ESS系统即使在长期维持的情况下也显示出净积极的益处.
结论:
- 在疫情防控和应对方面,ESS系统为公共卫生和经济提供了重要的价值.
- 这些发现支持ESS覆盖范围的战略扩展和扩展,以最大限度地提高收益.
- 通过ESS,可以确定病原体的优先级,并为监测系统分配资源.
相关概念视频
01:26Principles of Disease Surveillance
69
Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
69
01:18Steps in Outbreak Investigation
106
In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
106
01:25Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
1.2K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
1.2K
01:26Standard Precaution
1.9K
Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
1.9K
01:22Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
2.5K
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
2.5K