休斯顿PM2.5水平的增加与高度循环的海风风相关
Chun-Ying Chao1, Wei Li2, Philip K Hopke3
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|November 24, 2024
概括
当地的陆海微风在休斯顿等沿海城市地区显著增加了颗粒物 (PM2.5) 度. 海风条件将PM2.5来源转移到当地人为排放方面.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 大气化学 大气化学
- 空气质量研究 空气质量研究
背景情况:
- 当地的陆海风通过在城市和海洋环境之间循环空气来影响沿海空气质量.
- 之前的研究指出了臭氧积累;这项研究研究了颗粒物 (PM) 的动态.
- 美国主要城市休斯顿为沿海城市空气质量相互作用提供了一个相关的案例研究.
研究的目的:
- 分析沿海城市空气质量与当地陆海风模式之间的复杂关系.
- 确定与休斯顿不同风力循环模式相关的PM2.5来源.
- 量化海风循环对PM2.5度和组成的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用k-means集群算法来分析休斯顿的历史风力数据.
- 从休斯顿鹿公园 #2 站点获得的 PM2.5 组成数据 (2010-2018) 应用了正矩阵分解.
- 关联识别的PM2.5来源与独特的风集群,重点关注夏季.
主要成果:
- 一个特定的海风循环集群通过风数据分析成功被确定.
- 在南风和海风再循环的日子里,PM2.5度大约高出30%.
- 在海风条件下,人为排放占PM2.5 (60%),与南部风相比,土壤 (53%) 和海盐 (15%) 主要存在.
结论:
- 当地陆海风对休斯顿的空气质量产生重大影响,提高PM2.5水平.
- 海风事件将PM2.5的主要来源从远程运输/海盐转移到当地人为排放.
- 了解这些风力驱动的来源变化对于有效的沿海空气质量管理至关重要.
更多相关视频
09:33Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
Published on: December 23, 2022
2.2K
09:46Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber
Published on: November 18, 2018
7.2K
相关概念视频
Global Climate Change
24.2K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.2K
Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers
1.0K
Chemical factors such as changing CO2, O2, and H+ levels in arterial blood play a critical role in influencing respiration depth and rates. These variations are detected by chemoreceptors—specialized sensors located in two primary body areas. Central chemoreceptors are found throughout the brain stem, including the ventrolateral medulla, while peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries.
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated....
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated....
1.0K
Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation
978
Hyperventilation refers to a higher-than-normal rate and depth of breathing, often associated with anxiety attacks. This excessive breathing surpasses the body's need to expel CO2, leading to a condition known as hypocapnia - an unusually low level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia can constrict cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the brain, which may result in dizziness or fainting. Early signs include tingling and muscle spasms in the hands and face, caused by falling...
978
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation
1.2K
Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
1.2K
Oxygen Transport in the Blood
2.5K
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
2.5K
What is Weather?
18.2K
Overview
18.2K
