飞行员,宇航员和航空航天微生物群:对职业影响的叙述性审查
Piercarlo Minoretti1, Jacopo M Fontana2, Yusuf Yilmaz3
1Occupational Health, Studio Minoretti, Oggiono, ITA.
Cureus
|November 25, 2024
概括
太空飞行等职业暴露显著改变飞行员和宇航员微生物群. 益生菌有望缓解这些变化,但需要更多的研究来验证它们在太空中的有效性.
科学领域:
- 航空航天医学 航空航天医学
- 微生物组研究的研究.
- 益生菌的应用 益生菌的应用
背景情况:
- 人类微生物群对健康至关重要,但对飞行员和宇航员的职业影响尚不清楚.
- 了解这些变化对于宇航员和飞行员的福祉至关重要.
- 益生菌正在被探索作为潜在的对策.
研究的目的:
- 审查航空航天医学中微生物群变化的当前知识.
- 评估益生菌作为对抗这些变化的措施.
- 确定该领域的研究缺口.
主要方法:
- 使用关键词对PubMed文章 (2010-2024) 的叙事审查:微生物群,益生菌,航空,航天,飞行员,宇航员.
- 包括关于职业微生物群影响和益生菌在航空航天医学中的使用的研究.
- 审查相关论文的书目. 相关论文的书目.
主要成果:
- 飞行员研究表明有益的肠道细菌减少;益生菌可以改善胃肠道健康.
- 太空飞行导致宇航员的肠道,皮肤,口腔和鼻腔微生物群发生显著的变化,包括减少有益细菌和增加病原体.
- 在宇航员和航天器之间观察到微生物的转移;模拟的太空研究表明益生菌可以减轻失生症,但缺乏直接太空飞行数据.
结论:
- 太空飞行对宇航员微生物群产生了深远的影响,益生菌显示出作为干预措施的潜力.
- 存在重大研究差距,包括理解功能影响和验证实际太空飞行期间益生菌的有效性.
- 未来的研究应该使用先进的工具,如元基因组学和纵向跟踪,以进行个性化的对策.
相关概念视频
01:28Microbial Bioremediation of Pesticides
Pesticides often feature structurally complex chemical architectures, incorporating halogen groups and multiple aromatic rings. These characteristics confer high chemical stability, rendering many pesticides resistant to natural degradation processes. This resistance poses significant environmental concerns, as persistent pesticide residues can accumulate in ecosystems and affect non-target organisms.Despite the inherent stability of many pesticides, certain microorganisms possess the metabolic...
01:27Microbes and Climate Change
Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
01:22Introduction to the Human Microbiota
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
01:22Microbiome of the Eye
The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
01:27The Oral Microbiota
The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
01:29Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract
The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...