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相关概念视频

Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

Carbonation Shrinkage

108
Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction...
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Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
199
Sulfate Attack on Concrete01:29

Sulfate Attack on Concrete

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Sulfate attack on concrete is a deterioration process characterized by a whitish discoloration beginning at the edges and corners, accompanied by cracking and spalling. This phenomenon occurs when sulfates react with the components of hardened concrete, forming compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate which occupy more space than the substances they replace, causing the concrete to expand and disrupt.
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...
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Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
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The Bone Matrix01:18

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives
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十九世纪 无形碳酸碳酸

Bart Kahr1, Sophia Sburlati1, Jackson Comes2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 29 Washington Place, Silver Center, New York, New York 10003-6688, United States.

Crystal growth & design
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概括

乔治·雷尼开创了无形碳酸合成,这是生物晶体的前身. 他对无机形态发生的基础工作已经被掩盖,但值得承认,与皮特·哈丁 (Pieter Harting) 后来的努力形成鲜明对比.

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Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.
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科学领域:

  • 生物矿物化 生物矿物化
  • 晶体学 晶体学是指结晶学.
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学

背景情况:

  • 乔治·雷尼对无形碳酸和无机形态发生的早期研究在很大程度上被遗忘了.
  • 皮埃特·哈丁被公认为生物模拟无机晶体学的先驱,模仿生物晶体形式.
  • 哈丁也制备了无形碳酸,但是在雷尼之后十多年.

研究的目的:

  • 为了比较乔治·雷尼和皮特·哈丁对无机晶体学的贡献.
  • 为了重新评估雷尼的无形碳酸的开创性合成.
  • 通过现代实验复制来验证雷尼的历史发现.

主要方法:

  • 使用阿拉伯复制Rainey合成无形碳酸的合成.
  • 使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 合成的微球的表征.
  • 通过X射线显微断层学分析空洞结构,并通过能量分散式X射线分析 (EDX) 确认组成.
  • 使用粉末X射线衍射 (PXRD) 评估无形性质.

主要成果:

  • 现代合成成功地产生了无形碳酸微球.
  • 鉴定证实微球是空洞的,由碳酸组成.
  • 粉末X射线衍射验证了合成材料的无形状态.

结论:

  • 乔治·雷尼 (George Rainey) 早期对无形碳酸的合成早于哈丁 (Harting) 的合成,在无机形态发生过程中具有重要的历史意义.
  • 雷尼的基础工作应该得到更大的认可,尽管他对晶体生长的解释是历史上的好奇心.
  • 这项研究通过现代复制验证了Rainey的开创性实验,突出了科学共识和公众人物对历史科学记忆的影响.