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耐力训练运动员进行长期热适应训练的生理适应的发生和衰退的时间
Claes Cubel1, Mads Fischer1, Daniel Stampe1
1Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
五周的热度适应 (HA) 改善了运动员的运动能力和生理标记. 然而,这些益处,包括增加的血红蛋白质量,在HA停止后的两周内迅速减少.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 环境生理学环境生理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 短期热适应 (HA) 增强了温度调节,但可能无法优化红色素形成.
- 延长HA可能是必要的,以改善红色素形成和持续的性能好处在较冷的条件下.
- 在长期HA期间和之后,生理适应和性能影响的时间过程需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 在精英骑自行车运动员的5周热度适应 (HA) 计划中调查生理适应和性能影响的时间过程.
- 为了确定长时间的HA对温度调节,血液学和运动性能参数在热和冷环境中的影响.
- 评估HA停止后这些适应的衰变.
主要方法:
- 20名男性精英骑自行车者被分为热度适应 (HEAT) 组 (n=10) 和对照组 (n=10).
- 热组接受了5周的HA (6次1小时的会议/周).
- 在热 (40°C) 和冷 (20°C) 条件下进行了HA前和后的生理和性能测试,在HA期间进行每周测试和2周衰变测试.
主要成果:
- 热度适应显著改善了15分钟的热度耗尽时间,增加了每小时0.44升的出汗率,并减少了每小时14.1毫摩尔的汗水度.
- 总血红蛋白质量在3周后增加了3%,在5周后增加了4%.
- 在凉爽的条件下,峰值功率输出增加了12W,而最大的氧气吸收没有显著变化.
- 所有的性能和生理上的改善都在停止训练后的2周内恢复到HA前的水平.
结论:
- 热运动耐受性和运动功能的改善发生在热度适应后的前3周内.
- 五周的HA增加了凉爽的运动能力和总血红蛋白质量,但这些好处是暂时的.
- 在HA后两周观察到生理适应能力和运动能力的快速衰退,这突显了持续暴露的必要性,以保持好处.
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