短时间高强度运动诱导的长期生理适应:一项RCT比较主动和被动恢复
Mario Mauro1, Bernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz Martínez2, Pasqualino Maietta Latessa1
1Department of Life Quality, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology
|November 25, 2024
概括
高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 可以改善身体组成和体力表现. 在HIIT期间的积极或被动恢复给男性和女性带来了不同的结果,不同影响力量和敏捷性.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类表现的人类表现.
背景情况:
- 高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 是一种受欢迎但有争议的训练方法.
- 从HIIT的长期适应,考虑到各种参数,如恢复类型,需要进一步调查.
- 了解HIIT对不同人群的身体组成和身体表现的影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估短时间高强度间隔 (>80%心率,30秒) 的跑步和全身炼对身体组成和体力表现的有效性.
- 为了比较HIIT期间主动恢复 (AR) 与被动恢复 (PR) 的效果.
- 分析HIIT协议的性别特异性适应.
主要方法:
- 八周的监督HIIT,两组的进展,训练和体积负载均等.
- 随机分配18名训练有素的年轻人,分为被动恢复 (PR) 或主动恢复 (AR) 组.
- 评估身体脂肪,无脂肪质量,四肢脂肪和肌肉区域,手握强度,动力 (CMJ),敏捷性 (5-0-5) 和最大氧气消耗 (V ̇O2p) 干预前后.
主要成果:
- HIIT显著降低了身体脂肪 (9.57%) 和增加了无脂肪质量 (2.09%).
- 女性在下肢肌肉区域表现出优异的适应性,而被动恢复对两性上肢脂肪分布都有好处.
- HIIT增强了最大的氧气消耗 (6.47%),并对力量 (女性) 和敏捷性 (男性) 进行了性别特定的改善.
结论:
- 短间隔HIIT,结合不同的恢复策略,为实现多种生理改善提供了一种多功能方法.
- 教练可以利用HIIT的适应能力来针对特定的运动模式,并在男性和女性运动员中实现期望的长期反应.
- 积极和被动恢复之间的选择可以调节特定的适应,特别是肢体组成和力量,这取决于性别.
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