德国使用养老院护理的区域差异
Annika Herr1,2,3, Maximilian Lückemann4,5, Amela Saric-Babin6
1Institute of Health Economics (IHE), Leibniz Universität Hannover, CHERH Und CINCH, Königsworther Platz 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany. annika.herr@ihe.uni-hannover.de.
概括
德国地区的养老院利用率有很大的差异. 关键的驱动因素包括护理需求,非正式护理的可用性和专业护理供应,解释了大多数变化.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 卫生社会学 卫生社会学
背景情况:
- 德国有护理需求的老年人 (64岁以上) 在养老院的使用率约为32%.
- 存在显著的区域差异,各县的利用率从不到15%到超过50%不等.
- 了解这种区域差异背后的因素对于公平的护理规划至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定和量化导致德国老年人使用养老院地区差异的因素.
- 分析人口,护理和社会经济因素对养老院安置率的影响.
主要方法:
- 采用了对整个德国老年护理人口和养老院的综合行政数据.
- 采用了县级线性回归模型,具有广泛的控制变量和固定效应.
- 应用空间滞后模型来评估养老院利用率的区域依赖.
主要成果:
- 开发的模型成功地解释了养老院利用率的观察到的区域差异的73%.
- 影响使用的主要因素包括护理需求水平,非正式护理支持的可用性和专业护理服务的供应.
- 虽然发现了空间依赖,但在控制护理需求时,它们的影响很小.
结论:
- 护理需求,非正式护理和专业护理供应是德国地区养老院使用模式的主要决定因素.
- 区域财富或农村等社会经济因素的影响有限,可能是由于德国对长期护理的综合社会保险制度.
- 政策干预应侧重于解决护理需求和护理提供方面的差异,而不是仅仅关注经济或地理因素.
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