太空中的代谢压力:小鼠中ROS诱导的突变暗示了一条通往癌症的新途径
Viktor Stolc1, Miloslav Karhanek2, Friedemann Freund3
1NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA.
Redox biology
|November 25, 2024
概括
太空飞行通过氧化损伤加速基因突变,而不仅仅是辐射. 国际空间站 (ISS) 的这一发现揭示了新的与癌症有关的突变热点,影响了宇航员的健康和地球上的疾病.
科学领域:
- 太空生物学空间生物学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 天体生物学 天体生物学
背景情况:
- 长时间的太空飞行对宇航员造成重大健康风险,包括肌肉缩,骨损失和太空飞行相关的神经眼综合征 (SANS).
- 以前的研究已经确定了与地球保护磁层之外的扩展任务相关的各种健康挑战.
研究的目的:
- 调查太空飞行引起的健康风险背后的分子机制.
- 为了确定太空环境对基因组稳定性和突变率的影响.
- 为了识别超出已知的因素,如辐射,加速突变的潜在贡献者.
主要方法:
- 利用RNA测序 (RNA-seq) 来分析在国际空间站 (ISS) 上暴露在太空飞行条件下37天的小鼠中的基因表达和突变模式.
- 评估组织特异性基因突变,重点关注基因转换模式.
- 研究了突变热点与已知的癌症相关基因之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 在组织特异性基因中观察到异常的全基因组超突变,主要是瓜基转化.
- 发现加速突变率在很大程度上独立于辐射剂量,暗示其他环境因素.
- 鉴定了国际空间站二氧化碳 (CO2) 含量升高和反应性氧物种 (ROS) 增加的氧化损伤可能是突变的诱导因素.
- 在哺乳动物蛋白质组中发现了新的突变热点,这些热点与人类癌症中经常发生突变的基因相关.
- 证明加速突变通过RNA转录比复制更快地发生.
结论:
- 太空飞行引起的氧化应激,特别是因高CO2和ROS而产生的氧化应激,显著加快了体质突变率.
- 国际空间站是研究加速突变,基因组不稳定性和疾病诱导机制的关键平台.
- 代谢过程和由此产生的遗传不稳定性可能在癌症的发展中发挥作用,这对宇航员健康和地球医学都有影响.
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