文化生态系统服务和土著人民的水生保护区的保护挑战实践
Ron Vave1,2,3, Alan M Friedlander4,5, John N Kittinger6,7
1Marine Biology Graduate Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
概括
斐济土著墓葬保护区 (FPA) 是具有文化意义的海洋和淡水保护区. 研究揭示了多样化的做法,并强调需要将它们纳入保护规划,以支持社区的性.
科学领域:
- 社会生态系统研究研究社会生态系统研究
- 土著的保护实践是土著的保护实践.
- 海洋和淡水保护区 海洋和淡水保护区
背景情况:
- 与神圣遗址和墓地相关的保护区研究不足,特别是在非地球系统中.
- 斐济的墓葬保护区 (FPA) 是具有文化意义的,由斐济原住民在海洋和淡水环境中的墓地周围建立.
- 尽管它们有着悠久的历史和持续的保护努力,但斐济的FPA仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 解决关于斐济土著FPA的知识差距.
- 阐明这些文化保护区的社会生态属性.
- 了解与FPA相关的实施状态,建立模式和资源使用情况.
主要方法:
- 与斐济189个地区的201名关键情报人员进行了分层,有目的和半结构的采访.
- 数据收集的重点是确定积极实施的FPA,不实施的原因,建立标准,保护持续时间和资源采集实践.
- 分析包括了FPA社会生态属性的多样性和复杂性.
主要成果:
- 73个地区积极实施FPA,而34个地区由于认识不足,被排除在管理计划之外或首席选择冲突而没有FPA.
- FPA是为首领 (33%) 或任何部落成员 (20%) 建立的,其中188个是在20世纪60年代至2019年之间建立的.
- 保护的持续时间各不相同 (44%的100个夜晚),资源的使用是多样化的 (25%的收获鱼/无脊椎动物,仅有22%的鱼类),一些做法涉及保护物种,如海,需要豁免.
结论:
- 斐济的FPA实践是多样化的,不断发展的,社会复杂的,超越了渔业和粮食供应.
- 原住民知识的侵蚀和FPAs从保护规划中被排除在外,威胁着社会和生态的性.
- 将传统知识和文化重要保护区纳入保护战略对于弱势社区至关重要.
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