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相关概念视频

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
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Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
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Phylogeny01:23

Phylogeny

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Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
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Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
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相关实验视频

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菲洛福吉:通过全面的基因组信号统一微观和宏观进化.

Ya Wang1,2, Wei Dong3, Yufan Liang1,2

  • 1National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, College of Breeding and Multiplication, Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China.

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概括

PhyloForge是一个新的工具,集成微观和宏观进化数据,使用多种基因组信号进行全面的遗传学分析. 它为专家提供可定制的选项,为初学者提供直观的界面,适用于动物,植物和真菌.

关键词:
在PhyloForge上使用.宏观演变的发生.微观进化的微观进化基因组学信号的产生.

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Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
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科学领域:

  • 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.

背景情况:

  • 遗传学研究涵盖了微观进化 (大种群) 和宏观进化 (物种比较) 的尺度.
  • 传统的遗传学工具面临着各种各样的挑战,这些规模的复杂数据.
  • 整合多个进化层次和数据类型对于全面了解生命进化至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 介绍PhyloForge,一个新的计算工具,旨在统一微观和宏观进化分析.
  • 能够全面利用多种类型的基因组信号 (基因,SNP,结构变异,有机体基因组).
  • 提供一个灵活和用户友好的平台,用于先进和初学者研究生系遗传学.

主要方法:

  • 开发了PhyloForge以整合多样化的家族基因数据,包括核基因,SNP,结构变异和线粒体/叶绿体基因组.
  • 设计了一个灵活的分析框架,适应微观和宏观进化规模.
  • 实现了一个直观的用户界面以及可定制的分析选项.

主要成果:

  • PhyloForge成功地集成了多个类基因组信号,用于统一的,多维的基因组数据分析.
  • 通过广泛的测试,在各种类型中证明了广泛的适用性:动物,植物和真菌.
  • 验证了该工具在不同尺度上更深入地了解生物进化的能力.

结论:

  • 在大规模基因组学时代,PhyloForge为当代遗传学研究提供了强大的解决方案.
  • 该工具通过整合各种数据类型和尺度来增强对进化过程的理解.
  • PhyloForge为探索生命进化提供了一个有价值的新视角和工具集.