聚合对基于viologen的电色器件性能的影响
Antonello Nucera1,2, Carmen Rizzuto1, Mario Michele Pipita1
1Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 26, 2024
概括
这项研究开发了使用乙烯甲和1,1-二乙烯铁的电色器件. 性能最好的设备使用聚合凝混合物,显示了节能应用的潜力.
科学领域:
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 电化学 电化学 电化学
- 聚合物科学 聚合物科学
背景情况:
- 电色器件为各种应用提供可调节的光学特性.
- 优化离子运输和氧化还原稳定性对于设备性能至关重要.
- 基于双A的聚合物被探索为电色材料的矩阵.
研究的目的:
- 准备和描述使用特定的氧化还原对和聚合物矩阵的电色装置.
- 调查聚合和度对设备性能的影响.
- 评估开发的电色系统的电化学和光学特性.
主要方法:
- 制备电色凝混合物,含有不同度的双甲 (55%,60%,65%).
- 制造两套设备:一套使用非聚合物,一套使用聚合双A.
- 使用循环电压计进行电化学表征.
- 使用UV-vs-NIR光谱学进行光学表征.
- 使用拉曼光谱学的结构分析.
主要成果:
- 循环电压测量证实了乙烯二和1,1-二乙烯铁对的约0.4V的氧化还原过程.
- 在聚合和非聚合凝器件之间观察到传导率的显著差异.
- 以60%度 (EM60) 的聚合凝混合物为基础的电色装置表现出最高的着色效率 (CE).
- EM60设备的CE值为92.82 C/cm2 (可见光) 和80.38 C/cm2 (近红外).
结论:
- 聚合双甲基电色凝混合物增强了设备的性能.
- EM60 设备显示出高颜色效率,适用于节能应用.
- 拉曼光谱支持电化学模型,解释了电色系统的操作机制.
相关概念视频
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...


