儿童强制性疫苗接种:欧洲国家的现状和2014年至2024年发生的变化
Sara Farina1, Alessandra Maio1, Maria Rosaria Gualano2,3,4
1Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Vaccines
|November 26, 2024
概括
欧洲国家在儿科疫苗接种政策上存在显著差异. 虽然13个国家强制实施一些疫苗,但17个国家仅依赖推,最近转向强制性疫苗接种计划.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 免疫政策 免疫政策
背景情况:
- 疫苗接种是一个关键的公共卫生干预措施,每年预防数百万死亡.
- 疫苗的犹和错误信息正在推动疫苗接种率的下降和疫苗可预防疾病 (VPDs) 在欧洲的复苏.
- 国家疫苗接种政策,包括强制性和推性计划,是打击这一趋势的关键策略.
研究的目的:
- 绘制欧洲联盟/欧洲经济区 (EU/EEA) 各国儿科疫苗接种政策的现状.
- 分析过去十年 (2014-2024) 这些政策的变化.
主要方法:
- 对疫苗接种计划和政策文件进行了快速审查.
- 搜索的数据库包括PubMed,谷歌和欧洲疾病预防和控制中心 (ECDC) 网站.
- 收集的数据集中在2024年欧盟/欧洲经济区国家的儿科疫苗接种要求和过去十年的政策变化.
主要成果:
- 截至2024年,13个欧盟/欧洲经济区国家至少有一种强制性儿科疫苗;法国,匈牙利和拉脱维亚几乎所有国家都有强制性疫苗.
- 相反,17个国家没有强制性疫苗接种,仅依靠推时间表.
- 在2014年至2024年期间,六个国家 (克罗地亚,法国,德国,匈牙利,意大利,波兰) 引入或扩大了强制性疫苗接种要求.
结论:
- 在欧洲儿科疫苗接种政策中存在显著的异质性.
- 有效的疫苗接种计划需要强大的医疗保健系统,公众信任和适应性战略,以应对疫苗犹和VPD复苏.
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