对传染病和抗微生物耐药性的全球流行病的风险管理方法

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Annie Sparrow¹, Meghan Smith-Torino², Samuel M Shamamba³

¹Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Tropical medicine and infectious disease

|November 26, 2024

概括

重新思考全球卫生安全需要超越生物医学模型. 将化水等公共卫生措施与疫苗相结合,对于打击传染病和抗菌素耐药性至关重要,尤其是在冲突期间.

科学领域:

全球卫生安全全球卫生安全
传染病流行病学传染病流行病学
公共卫生干预公共卫生干预

背景情况:

流行病和抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 是重大的全球威胁,由冲突和气候变化加剧.
主导的生物医学模式和对疫苗的单一关注不足以全面控制疾病.
一个健康的方法虽然有价值,但往往忽视了基本的公共卫生措施和武装冲突的影响.

研究的目的:

批判性地检查当前生物医学范式在应对全球健康威胁方面的局限性.
突出非疫苗公共卫生干预措施的历史和持续重要性,如水化.
分析武装冲突对传染病爆发的影响以及全球卫生组织面临的挑战.

主要方法:

历史公共卫生成功的分析 (例如,用控制霍乱).
脊髓灰质炎,麻疹和耐药结核病的案例研究,特别是在冲突地区.
审查世界卫生组织 (WHO) 关于AMR和疫苗衍生的疾病的策略及其局限性.

主要成果:

在疫苗接种普及之前,卫生和化等传统的公共卫生措施非常有效.
目前对抗生素的依赖和以生物医学为中心的疫苗接种方法有助于AMR和疫苗衍生的脊髓灰质炎.
冲突地区对医疗保健的攻击,包括国家赞助的行动,大大推动了疾病爆发,并使干预复杂化.

结论:

需要改变范式,将更广泛的公共卫生干预措施与疫苗接种策略相结合.
增加对水的化和卫生设施的投资对于加强全球卫生安全和减少疾病负担至关重要.
需要量身定制的,特定于环境的响应来应对各种威胁,包括来自武装冲突和对医疗保健的攻击.

关键词:

总的来说,GPEI就是这样的.一个健康,一个健康.抗微生物耐药性抗微生物耐药性对医疗保健的攻击.生物医学模型模型化的使用方法冲突冲突冲突冲突非特异性影响的非特异性影响流行病是一种流行病.脊髓灰质炎:脊髓灰质炎是一种疾病.疫苗,疫苗的使用情况.

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