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在气候变暖下,全球大城市的臭氧趋势及其敏感性

Jairo Vazquez Santiago¹, Hiroo Hata², Edgar J Martinez-Noriega³

¹Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8560, Japan. jairo.vazquezsantiago@aist.go.jp.

Nature communications

|November 26, 2024

概括

大城市空气污染,由挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 和氧化 (NOx) 驱动,导致地面层臭氧 (O3) 的上升. 气候变化加剧了这一趋势,表明未来臭氧增加.

科学领域:

大气化学和物理大气化学和物理
气候科学气候科学
环境监测环境监测

背景情况:

热层臭氧 (O3) 的形成严重依赖于挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 和氧化 (NOx) 的排放.
大城市是这些前体的重要来源,导致持续的高臭氧事件影响全球人口.
了解臭氧对前体排放和气候变化的敏感性对于空气质量管理至关重要.

研究的目的:

调查2005年至2019年41个大城市的臭氧前体 (甲和二氧化) 和地下臭氧的趋势.
评估这些趋势与气候变暖之间的关系.
评估城市环境中臭氧对前体排放的敏感性.

主要方法:

使用的臭氧监测仪 (OMI) 对甲 (HCHO) 和二氧化 (NO2) 的数据作为VOC和NOx排放的代理.
雇佣的科珀尼克斯大气监测服务重新分析了地面层臭氧 (O3) 趋势的数据.
应用季节性曼-肯德尔,趋势分解和皮尔森相关性分析来评估变化和关系.

主要成果:

观察到HCHO (0.1至0.31 × 10^15 mol cm^-2年^-1) 的全球显著增加,以及不同的区域NO2趋势 (-0.22至0.07 × 10^15 mol cm^-2年^-1).
臭氧趋势在 -0.31 到 0.70 ppb 年^-1 之间,表明了前体丰度的影响.
在前体排放和温度上升之间发现了强烈的正相关性.

结论:

大城市的臭氧水平受到大量前体排放的强烈影响.
在前体排放和气温上升之间观察到的相关性表明,持续的气候变化可能会导致地面层臭氧的持续增加.
有效的空气质量战略必须解决前体排放和气候变暖的影响.

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