在感知推理中,隐式和显式先验的使用之间的分离
Caroline Bévalot1,2, Florent Meyniel3,4
1Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, NeuroSpin (INSERM-CEA), University of Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. bevalot.caroline@gmail.com.
Communications psychology
|November 26, 2024
概括
人类大脑在感知过程中以不同的方式处理明确和隐含的先前知识. 明确的先验在感知决策中权重较小,这可能解释了关于大脑如何使用先验知识的各种研究结果.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 计算神经科学是一种神经科学.
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 大脑利用环境统计数据作为先前的知识来塑造感知.
- 这些先验可以隐式学习或明确沟通.
- 了解大脑如何利用不同类型的先验对于解释感知推理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究人类大脑在感知推理中如何差异地利用明确与隐含的先验.
- 确定先验的起源 (明确与隐含) 是否会影响它们在感知决策中的权重.
- 探索基于先前知识来源的感知背后的计算机制.
主要方法:
- 采用贝叶斯模型来分析人类参与者的学习和感知.
- 设计的任务涉及隐式 (环境学习) 和显式 (传达) 的先验.
- 量化了感官概率和先验对跨任务的感知决策的影响.
主要成果:
- 在决策中,感官概率的权重在隐性和明确的先前任务之间高度相关,隐性先前任务略强一些.
- 对先验的权重显示,跨任务的相关性要低得多,对于明确的先验来说,它要小得多.
- 模型比较表明,对于感知决策,不同的计算策略取决于先验是明确的还是隐含的.
结论:
- 人类的感知推理系统地根据先前知识的起源而有所不同.
- 显而易见的priors是以不同的方式集成的,与隐性priors相比,其权重较小.
- 这种分离提供了一个框架,用于协调文献中关于在感知中利用先前知识的相互矛盾的发现.
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