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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Mechanical Expansion of Steel Tubing as a Solution to Leaky Wellbores
09:32

Mechanical Expansion of Steel Tubing as a Solution to Leaky Wellbores

Published on: November 20, 2014

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孔隙性和水泥控制了人工水泥尾矿在液压负荷下对高压的反应

Nilo Cesar Consoli1, João Vítor de Azambuja Carvalho2, Alexia Cindy Wagner1

  • 1Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-190, RS, Brazil.

Scientific reports
|November 26, 2024
PubMed
概括

这项研究引入了一种新的孔隙性/水泥指数,用于预测水泥化铁矿石尾矿 (IOT) 的行为. 该索引有助于设计IOT堆和控制采矿应用的压缩.

关键词:
压缩是压缩的方法.干式堆叠 干式堆叠高压 高压的高压.铁矿石尾矿是什么意思 铁矿石尾矿波特兰水泥是什么 波特兰水泥是什么让步是一种让步.

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Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
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Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...
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Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
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Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
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Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Permeability of Concrete01:25

Permeability of Concrete

Permeability in the context of concrete refers to how easily liquids or gases can pass through the material. This quality is crucial for assessing the water-tightness and durability of concrete structures and their resistance to chemical attacks. Concrete permeability can be determined through comparative laboratory tests. These tests typically involve sealing a concrete specimen from the sides, applying water pressure to the top surface with pressure, and measuring the amount of water passing...
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