自我与他人在情感预测:心理距离和经验决策的作用
1Guilford Glazer Faculty of Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2024
概括
人们高估了未来事件将如何影响他们的决定,这种偏见在自我和他人之间存在差异. 这种影响偏差在预测自己与亲密朋友时显示出明显的风险偏好.
科学领域:
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
背景情况:
- 影响偏差,即高估未来事件的情感影响的倾向,是情感预测的一个关键方面.
- 心理距离和决策背景 (描述与经验) 可以影响判断和决策中的自我-其他差异.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查影响偏差的自我-其他差异.
- 检查心理距离和决策背景 (描述与经验) 在塑造这些差异中的作用.
- 探索底层的实用功能,指导自己和其他人的决策.
主要方法:
- 两项研究采用了一项连续的博任务,参与者为自己和其他人 (抽象的其他人,亲密的朋友) 做出计划和修订的决定.
- 根据预期和经历的收益或损失分析了决策.
- 评估了公用事业功能,以了解决策过程.
主要成果:
- 这两项研究都证实了自我预测的冲击偏差,风险回避在收益后发生变化,风险寻求在损失后发生变化.
- 在亲密的朋友中观察到一个反向的模式,表明在收益后寻求风险的转变,在损失后谨慎的转变.
- 自我的实用函数与前景理论保持一致,而对他人的实用函数显示出更高的强度和更少的敏感性.
结论:
- 心理距离和决策背景显著改变了影响偏见和风险偏好.
- 独特的实用功能是以自我为中心和以他人为中心的决策的基础.
- 结果为情感预测和自我-其他决策差异提供了新的见解.
相关概念视频
Self-Discrepancy Theory
18.3K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
18.3K
Decision Making
91
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
91
Factors Affecting Perception
1.5K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
1.5K
Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion
283
Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences...
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences...
283
Fundamental Attribution Error
12.8K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
12.8K
Contemporary Psychology
511
Psychology explores human behavior and mental processes through various lenses, each offering unique insights. This overview examines key subfields, including biopsychology, evolutionary, developmental, personality, and social psychology, highlighting their approaches and contributions to understanding complex human behaviors.
Biopsychology
Biopsychology, also known as biological psychology or behavioral neuroscience, focuses on the biological underpinnings of behavior and mental processes. It...
Biopsychology
Biopsychology, also known as biological psychology or behavioral neuroscience, focuses on the biological underpinnings of behavior and mental processes. It...
511


