功能选择和机器学习方法用于预测美国当前电子烟使用情况. 2022 年的成年人
Wei Fang1, Ying Liu2, Chun Xu3
1West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
International journal of environmental research and public health
|November 27, 2024
概括
机器学习准确地预测了美国成年人当前使用电子烟的情况. 关键预测因素包括年龄,教育,吸烟状况和对危害的信念,指导未来的公共卫生研究.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 目前在美国成年人中使用电子烟是一个越来越严重的公共卫生问题.
- 有限的研究存在于电子烟使用的预测因子,利用先进的功能选择和机器学习 (ML).
研究的目的:
- 执行特征选择并开发ML模型来预测美国成年人当前使用电子烟的情况.
- 确定与电子烟使用相关的关键预测因素.
主要方法:
- 利用了2022年健康信息国家趋势调查 (HINTS 6) 数据.
- 应用Boruta和最小绝对收缩和选择运算符 (LASSO) 在71个变量上进行特征选择.
- 采用随机过量抽样示例 (ROSE) 来处理不平衡的数据,并训练了五个ML模型:SVM,LR,RF,GBM和XGBoost.
主要成果:
- 随机森林 (RF) 算法实现了最高的性能,精度为0.992,灵敏度为0.985,F1得分为0.991,AUC为0.999,使用了15个选定的变量.
- 权重后勤回归确定了年龄,教育,吸烟状况,对电子烟的感知伤害,过度饮酒,酒精与癌症的信念以及PHQ-4得分作为重要的预测因素.
结论:
- 机器学习技术在分析复杂的调查数据以获得公共卫生洞察力方面表现出显著的优势.
- 调查结果提供了对影响电子烟使用的因素的关键信息,为针对性干预和对物质使用行为的未来研究提供了信息.
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