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Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

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Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
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Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
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Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

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Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
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Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...
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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Preparation of Liquid Crystal Networks for Macroscopic Oscillatory Motion Induced by Light
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Preparation of Liquid Crystal Networks for Macroscopic Oscillatory Motion Induced by Light

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流动的液晶围绕障碍物旋转.

Júlio P A Santos1,2, Mahmoud Sedahmed3, Rodrigo C V Coelho1,2

  • 1Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.

Micromachines
|November 27, 2024
PubMed
概括

液晶托龙在障碍物周围表现出动态的行为. 它们的稳定性和轨迹取决于撞击参数,较小的参数会导致不稳定,较大的参数会导致曲折中的指数衰减.

关键词:
水力动力学就是水力动力学.格子 博尔兹曼方法液晶是一种液体晶体.拓学的拓学

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科学领域:

  • 软物质物理学 软物质物理学
  • 液晶物理学 液晶物理学
  • 拓学缺陷 拓学缺陷

背景情况:

  • 液晶托龙是稳定的,具有动态性质的局部拓结构.
  • 它们对外部刺激的反应使它们成为先进材料应用的有希望的材料.
  • 了解托动态对于利用它们的潜力至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究在障碍物周围的奇拉性阴性液晶中的托龙的流动行为.
  • 分析撞击参数对托伦动力学和稳定性的影响.
  • 在具有多个障碍的环境中探索托龙散射.

主要方法:

  • 混合数值模拟结合格子博尔兹曼和有限差异技术.
  • 流体流和导体场相互作用的建模.
  • 基于撞击参数的托伦轨迹和稳定性的分析.

主要成果:

  • 托伦动力学高度依赖于相对于障碍物的冲击参数.
  • 在撞击参数小于胆固醇直径的一半时,托龙是不稳定的.
  • 对于较大的冲击参数,托龙表现出指数式衰减的偏移.

结论:

  • 与障碍物的相互作用显著改变了托龙的行为.
  • 对于与单个和多个障碍物相互作用的托龙,可预测的偏移模式出现.
  • 研究结果提供了对复杂液晶系统中托伦动态控制的见解.