农业中的微生物:在营养不良环境中更广泛采用和利用它们的前景和限制
Mustapha Mohammed1, Felix D Dakora2
1Department of Crop Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL 1882, Ghana.
Microorganisms
|November 27, 2024
概括
土壤微生物,如根茎菌和菌根菌,通过循环营养和固定来增强植物生长. 利用这些微生物作为生物肥料为农业提供了一种可持续的方法,尽管存在应用方面的挑战.
科学领域:
- 土壤微生物学和植物科学
- 农业生物技术 农业生物技术
- 营养循环和植物营养
背景情况:
- 土壤微生物,包括细菌和真菌,对于营养循环至关重要,使得,,铁和等必需矿物质具有生物可用性.
- 促进植物生长的微生物,如菌根真菌和 (N2) 固定的根茎菌,对植物的发育和营养吸收有显著的贡献.
- 在根结节中,豆植物将大气中的N2转化为氨,使豆类能够满足其大部分的需求.
研究的目的:
- 审查关于土壤微生物促进植物生长的文献.
- 突出这些微生物在提高作物生产率方面的潜力.
- 确定利用微生物潜力的挑战,以实现可持续农业.
主要方法:
- 关于土壤微生物和植物生长促进的科学出版物的文献综述.
- 分析详细介绍菌根真菌和根茎菌在营养获取中的作用的研究.
- 检查谷物和其他作物中关联性和内性N2固定细菌的研究.
主要成果:
- 固定N2的豆类可以通过共生固定来满足50-97%的需求,从而减少对肥的依赖.
- 谷物和其他植物可以从关联性和内性N2固定细菌中获得重要的N营养 (12-33%的玉米,12.9-20.9%的黄瓜).
- 生物肥料,利用根茎菌和树菌 (AM) 菌,已经在提高作物产量方面取得了成功,但偶尔会出现失败.
结论:
- 利用促进植物生长的微生物是绿色农业和可持续作物生产的基础.
- 微生物注射剂的有效使用需要高质量的产品和适当的应用技术来确保成功.
- 需要进一步的研究来克服现有的瓶,并充分利用微生物的潜力,以实现可持续的农业.
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