在心理算术中固定偏见
Samuel Shaki1, Martin H Fischer2
1Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel. Samuel_shaki@hotmail.com.
Psychological research
|November 27, 2024
概括
成年人表现出心理算术方面的偏差,观察到反向操作势头 (OM). 这项研究揭示了基于操作和基于顺序的精神计算中的定效应,澄清了OM的起源.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 数字认知 数字认知
- 数学的认知能力数学认知能力
背景情况:
- 心理算术表现受到偏见的影响,操作动量效应 (OM) 是研究的一个关键领域.
- 现有的OM研究提出了关于加和减的过高/低估方向的相互矛盾的发现.
- 对OM的理论解释提供了相反的预测,需要进一步调查以解决这些差异.
研究的目的:
- 调查操作数顺序和操作类型在心理算术偏差中的作用.
- 在象征性心智计算中,区分基于操作和基于顺序的定效应.
- 为了测试对操作动量效应的竞争理论解释.
主要方法:
- 使用符号刺激和响应来确保准确的操作符编码和结果报告.
- 操作顺序通过计算指令被操纵 (例如",29 + 19"与"加 19 到 29").
- 实验使用了听觉和视觉介绍格式,与成年参与者 (N=30每次实验).
主要成果:
- 观察到一个反向运行势头 (OM) 效应,其特点是减去的高估值和额外的低估值.
- 基于操作的定影响了心理算术结果.
- 基于订单的定,其中第一个操作数作为更强的,也被确定并被发现是独立于基于操作的定.
结论:
- 该研究表明,在心理算术中,基于操作和基于顺序的定效应.
- 这些发现将已知的定效应扩展到心理计算领域.
- 发现的定机制为有关操作动量的起源 (OM) 的竞争理论提供了解决方案.
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