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对欧洲和澳大利亚汽车车队效率演变的比较分析,对政策影响的见解

Dimitrios Komnos¹, Robin Smit², Leonidas Ntziachristos³

¹Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Greece; European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.

Journal of environmental management

|November 27, 2024

概括

世界各地的政府正在为车辆实施二氧化碳和燃油效率措施. 这项研究表明,强有力的目标,特别是零和低排放汽车 (Z-L-EVs),对于有效减少现实世界的排放至关重要.

科学领域:

环境科学环境科学
汽车工程汽车工程
政策分析政策分析

背景情况:

全球监管机构正在制定政策,以制车辆的能源消耗和温室气体排放.
乘用车二氧化碳和燃油效率标准是全球评估的关键政策工具.
欧盟 (EU) 有长期存在的二氧化碳法规,而澳大利亚最近引入了类似措施,提供了一个比较案例研究.

研究的目的:

评估乘用车中二氧化碳和燃油效率措施的有效性.
为了比较这些政策在欧盟和澳大利亚的影响.
量化现实世界的排放节约,并确定未来的零排放汽车 (ZEV) 目标.

主要方法:

用车辆和车队建模来评估政策影响.
一项比较案例研究分析了欧盟和澳大利亚的监管方法.
对认证数据进行了敏感性分析和模拟框架验证.

主要成果:

欧盟对新车的认证二氧化碳排放量比澳大利亚的减少更为显著,将差距从2018年的50g/km扩大到2021年的60g/km.
欧盟零和低排放汽车 (Z-L-EV) 销量减少三分之一,将导致大多数制造商错过2020年目标.
2021年,欧盟舰队的实际二氧化碳排放量为143g/km,澳大利亚舰队的排放量为204g/km.

结论:

强制性目标和加速电气化对于实现二氧化碳减排目标至关重要.
实现2030年目标需要大量采用ZEV:51%在欧盟和60%在澳大利亚.
该研究强调了建模工具对未来车辆排放政策的信息提供有用性的有用性.

关键词:

澳大利亚澳大利亚澳大利亚在二氧化碳排放方面,二氧化碳排放量欧盟欧盟欧盟欧盟能源效率能源效率是指能源的使用效率.轻型车辆轻型车辆规则规则规则规则规则规则

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