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自由跳的力量-速度概况是个性化跳跃训练处方的良好基础吗?
Maarten F Bobbert1, Kolbjørn Lindberg2, Gøran Paulsen3
1Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, THE NETHERLANDS.
Medicine and science in sports and exercise
|November 28, 2024
概括
个性化跳跃训练可能不会像声称的那样提高运动表现. 这项研究表明,强力-速度特征的明显改善可能是由于技能获得,而不是肌肉特性实际变化.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类运动 人类运动
背景情况:
- 基于力-速度概况的个性化优化跳跃训练处方很受欢迎,但它们的有效性仍在争论中.
- 据报道,这些程序对最大平均力和最大平均缩短速度有相反的影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查训练诱导的神经肌肉变化,可以解释个性化优化跳跃训练有争议的影响.
- 为了确定肌肉特性或初始姿势的模拟改进是否可以复制报告的力-速度轮变化.
主要方法:
- 一个带有四个身体部分和六个肌执行器的肌肉骨模拟模型被用来模拟在各种负载下垂直式跳跃.
- 随着时间的推移,肌肉刺激被独立控制和优化,以达到最大的跳跃高度.
- 根据参考模型确定了力-速度概况,并根据修改的肌肉特性和初始姿势分析了变化.
主要成果:
- 报告的训练效果无法通过实际改善肌肉特性或修改初始姿势来重现.
- 强力-速度概况显示高灵敏度跳跃高度增长在低负荷对高负荷,或者反之亦然.
- 最大跳跃高度需要技巧,由于缺乏技能的次最大性能可能会导致训练前的个人资料失衡.
结论:
- 如果个性化优化培训的成功源于选择性技能改进,那么培训效应可能不会泛化到其他任务.
- 与其他培训方法相比,个性化优化培训可能不会提供优越的好处.
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